Experiments in sound localization.

Active Binaural Sound Localization Techniques, Experiments and Cornparisons

Estimating the direction of arrival of sound in three dimensional space is typically performed by generalized time-delay processing on a set of signals from an array of omnidirectional microphones. This requires specialized multichannel A/D hardware. This work is motivated by the desire to only use standard two-channel audio A/D hardware and portable equipment. To estimate direction of arrival ...

Application of spatial sound reproduction in virtual environments – experiments in localization, navigation, and orientation

Sound localization in the alligator.

In early tetrapods, it is assumed that the tympana were acoustically coupled through the pharynx and therefore inherently directional, acting as pressure difference receivers. The later closure of the middle ear cavity in turtles, archosaurs, and mammals is a derived condition, and would have changed the ear by decoupling the tympana. Isolation of the middle ears would then have led to selectio...

Temporal weighting in sound localization.

The dynamics of sound localization were studied using a free-field direct localization task (pointing to sound sources) and an observer-weighting analysis that assessed the relative influence of each click in a click-train stimulus. In agreement with previous studies of the precedence effect and binaural adaptation, weighting functions showed increased influence of the onset click when the inte...

Dynamic sound localization in cats.

Sound localization in cats and humans relies on head-centered acoustic cues. Studies have shown that humans are able to localize sounds during rapid head movements that are directed toward the target or other objects of interest. We studied whether cats are able to utilize similar dynamic acoustic cues to localize acoustic targets delivered during rapid eye-head gaze shifts. We trained cats wit...